JENIS TEKS DAN KETERANGANNYA
1. NARRATIVE
a. Generic Structure : Orientation – Complication – Resolution
b. Purpose : to entertain, create, stimulate emotion, motivate, give and teach
c. Other specific
- One upon a time, one day, long ago
- Use Simple Past tense
- Orientation: which sets the scene and introduce the participant (who, when, what, where)
- Complication: in which a crisis or a problem arises, which usually involves the main
characters, and finally.
- Resolution: a solution to the problem (for better or worse). Here, main characters find ways to
solve the problem.
- It can be a Letter form that tells in the past time.
2. RECOUNT
a. Generic Structure: Orientation – Event – Re-orientation
b. Purpose : to retell event for the purpose of informing or entertaining
c. Other specific:
- One morning, one day
- Past tense
- Orientation: background information needed to understand the text, suchas who was involved,
Where it happened, and when it happened.
- Event: a series of event (ordered in a chronological sequence)
- Re-Orientation: personal comment on the incident.
- It can be a Letter form that tells in the past time.
3. SPOOF
a. Generic struture : Orientation – Event – Twist
b. Purpose : to retell an event with a humours twist
c. Other specific :
- One morning
- Past tense
- Focus on Individual participant
- Orientation: background information needed to understand the text, suchas who was involved,
Where it happened, and when it happened.
- Event : a series of event (ordered in a chronological sequence)
- Twist : (berputar-putar, berkelok-kelok)
4. PROCEDURE
a. Generic Struture : ( Goal / Title ) – Material – Steps
b. Purpose : to describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or
steps.
c. Other specific :
- Use simple present, often imperative
- Use temporal numbers or first, second, then, next, finally etc
- There is a procedural text that only consists of goal followed by some steps.
- The examples of title: How to make bread, Hoe to ply Music CDs on the computer
5. REPORT
a. Generic Structure: General classification – Description
b. Purpose : to describe the way things are, with reference to a rance of natural, man-made
and social phenomena in our environment.
c. Other Specific :
- Simple present tense
- General classification: introduces the topic
- Description: describes the fact, qualities, habits, and behaviours of the subject
- It can be a Letter form, but uses simple present tense.
- Focus on Generic participants
6. DESCRIPTION
a. Generic Structure : Identification – Description
b. Purpose : to describe a particular person, place or thing
c. Other Specific :
- Simple present tense
- Identification : introduces the topic
- Description : describes the fact, qualities, habits, and behaviours of the subject
- It can be a Letter form, but uses simple present tense.
- Focus on Specific Participants
7. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
a. Generic Structure : Tesis – Argument – Reiteration/Conclussion
b. Purpose : to persuade the reader or listener that something is the case.
c. Other Specific :
- Use Simple present tense
- Focus n Generic Human or Non human Participants
- Tesis Position : Introduce andindicates the writers position
- Tesis preview : outlines main arguments to be presented
- Argument Point : restates main arguments outlined in the preview
- Argument Elaboration : develops and suppots eachpoint
- Reiteration : restates the write’s position
- Persuade : meyakinkan
8. HORTATORY EXPOSITION
a. Generic Structure : Tesis – Argument – Recommendation
b. Purpose : to persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the
the case
c. Other Specific :
- Use Simple present tense
- Focus on Generic Human or Non human Participants, except for speaker or writer referring to
self
- Tesis : Announcement of issue concern
- Argument : Reasons for concern, leading to recommendation
- Recommendation : Statement of what ought or ought not to happen.
9. EXPLANATION
a. Generic Structure : General Statement (to position the writer) – Sequenced Explanation.
b. Purpose : to explain the processes involved in the formation or workings of natural or
socio-cultural.
c. Other Specific :
- Use Simple present tense
- Some use of Passive Voice to get Theme right
- Focus on Generic Non human Participants
- Sequenced Explanation: contains a sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs
10. DISCUSSION
a. Generic Structure : Issue – Argument for (Point-Elaboration) – Argument against (Point-
Elaboration) - Conclusion
b. Purpose : to present (at least) two point of view about an issue
c. Other Specific :
- Use of Comparative : contrastive and Consequential conjunction
- Focus n Generic Human or Non human Participants
- Issue : about statement and preview
- Argument for and againt : statement of different points of view (point and elaboration)
- Conclusion : or Recommendation
11. NEWS ITEM
a. Generic Structure : Newsworthy event – Background events - Source
b. Purpose : to inform readers of daily newspapers about events of the day which are
regarded as newsworthy or important
c. Other Specific :
- Newsworthy events : recounts the events in summary form (menceritakan)
- Background events : elaborate what happened, to whom, and in what circumstances
- Source : comments by participants in witnesses to, and authorities expert on the
events.
If you need to write a newspaper headline, these rules will help you to make newspaper headlines
more comprehensible.
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”
Example : Black Teenagers attacked in Race Riot
Complete sentence: Black teenagers are attacked during Race Riot
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used.
Example : Britain sends Food to the Famine Victims.
Complete sentence: Britain has sent food to the Famine Victims
3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or
Developing, but the uaxiliary verb is usually left out.
Example : World heading for Energy Crisis.
Complete sentence: The world is heading for an Energy Crisis
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
Example : Queen to Visit Samoa.
Complete sentence: The Queen is going to visit Samoa
5. Headlines are not always complete sentences.
Example : More earthquekes in Japan.
Complete sentence: More earthquekes happened in Japan
12. ANECDOTE
An anecdote text is a genre which deals with something unexpected or unusual.
a. Generic Structure : Abstract – Orientation – Crisis – Reaction – Coda.
b. Purpose : to deal with unexpected or unusual
c. Other Specific :
- Abstract : signals the retelling of an unusual incident
- Orientation : sets the scene
- Crisis : provides details of the unusual incident
- Reaction : reaction to crisis
- Coda : optional-reflection on or evaluation of the incident
In writing an anecdote text, we use exclamation, rhetorical questions and intensifiers.
Contoh:
Exclamations Rhetorical question Intensifiers
-Guess what happened! -Can you believe it ? -Very
-I couldn’t believe it ! -You know what ? -Really
-It was really amazing ! -Scary, isn’t it ? -Extremely
13. REVIEW
A review text is a flexible genre which may vary according to the nature of the creative work
being worked on, the intended audience, and the aspects of the work considered worth
commenting on.
a. Generic Structure : Title – Identification of the work – Evaluation of the work - Conclusion
b. Purpose : to analyse and evaluate some creative work, and to inform people about its
streghts and weaknesses.
c. Other Specific :
- Use Simple present tense
- Title : Briefly identifies the subject of the review in some interesting way and
generally is linked to the reviewr’s name.
- Identification of the work :
: Identifies: the name of the creative work which is the subject of the review.
- Kind of work: movie, novel, reseach investigation, ...
- Its author : publisher or producer, date of production,....
- Evaluation of the work:
: The reviewer describes particular as[pects of the work, and offers their
opinion regarding them, their quality, effectiveness, and so forth.
- Conclusions : The reviewer summerises their assesment of the value of the work, and
makes recommendations regarding how othrers should regard the work.
